An American Citizen, We Face Multiple Economic Challenges...

As an American citizen, we face multiple economic challenges within our country. How can we change the economic downward spiral? Do we improve on immigration relationship and border control by enforcing stricter regulations? Just as fast as our illegals cross the border corporations are doing the same by outsourcing jobs overseas. Living in Tennessee we find ourselves making less money and having less job opportunities as factory jobs are taken overseas. How can we fix the economy when goods are being made outside the country and then brought back in to sell to consumers and the government is busy bailing out lending corporations that give money to companies that are utilizing outsourcing and still not able to thrive? Analysts say that†¦show more content†¦We have numerous politicians that have held office for multiple terms despite the steady decline of our economy. Immigration is another huge debate in our country right now. Immigrants sharing heart wrenching stories of fa milies being torn apart over our regulations. We have the capability to find dangerous criminals using drones yet we are unable to stop illegals from crossing over the border. Did we as Americans allow pandoras’ box to happen, since for years we looked the other way and used the illegals for our own benefits? Companies have continued the practice of hiring cheap labor while dodging the immigration issues by outsourcing. This practice is deplorable considering now after the recession we have millions of unemployed citizens looking for job opportunities. In the past, the jobs most illegals would take would be the ones the citizens refused to work. The job market has changed from those years past, teenagers and senior citizens take a lot of jobs that were being occupied by illegals. I laughed at my teenage brother-in-law working at chicken plant in Arkansas. Why would I laugh at someone that has a job? I just always assumed that working at a chicken plant was for illegals. My b rother-in-law would tell stories about the immigration police coming to the plant to arrest multiple people and how you could see a mass exodus coming out of the plant. As a society we are so accustomed to these jobs being occupied by illegals that the thought of an American

The Case Study of Li Fung †the Global Value Chain...

The Case Study of Li Fung – The Global Value Chain Configurator TITLE: THE CASE STUDY OF LI FUNG LIMITED ABSTRACT: The case illustrates the business history and evolution of Li Fung Limited, one of the Hong Kong’s oldest and largest trading companies. The case gives an overview of its evolution from a traditional trading company to a global export giant and a customers’ supply chain management giant. It discusses the company’s strategies to change its business models to the changing external environment and customer needs and preferences. The case elaborates the company’s strategies such as integration of operational strategy with its organizational strategies, customer-centric organizational structure, supply chain management†¦show more content†¦4.Reducing focus on American retailers to other retailers such as South Asian and Latin American market. SWOT ANALYSIS: INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS: STRENGTH: 1.Broad market coverage 2.Manufacturing Competency 3.Proper Information System. 4.Brand name. 5.New venture management expertise. 6.The ability to manage strategic change. 7.Good financial management. WEAKNESS: 1.Improper strategy formulation. 2.Improper forecasting OPPORTUNITIES: 1.Developing new markets. 2.Making new profitable acquisitions. 3.Licensing deals with foreign companies. 4.Large number of alliances worldwide. THREATS: 1.The continuous fall of profit and market revenue. 2.Uncertainties in the retailing industry 3.Emergence of newer players. 4.Threats from â€Å"antisurge quotas† RECOMMENDATIONS: 1.Diversify its business to BRICS and Latin American countries as these are emerging economies. 2.Opening up online shopping portal for retailing business. 3.Entering into direct retailing market. 4.A proper strategy for gaining maximum of European market. 5.Making StudioDirect a full e-commerce company. ASSIGNMENT 1. Li Fung owes much of its ongoing success to its expertise in global value chain configuration. Define the concept of value chain and critically discuss the importance of value chain management for global companies. How did Li Fung use the value chain configuration in its globalization process? ANS: The value

Electromagnetism in Loudspeakers free essay sample

In Speakers In the late offs, any loudspeaker was considered as exotic. Extremely rare and valuable. Today, most of us take the wonder of reproduction of sound as a matter of course. Before the invention of speakers, music industries as we know them today did not exist. Furthermore, one could say that the music industry did not exist at all. It was Ernst Werner von Siemens, also known as Werner von Siemens (December 13, 1 816 December 8, 1892), a German inventor and industrialist. He was a founder and director, Siemens and Hales, a firm did made electrical apparatus. Ernst Siemens patented the first loudspeaker on December 14, 1877. He was the first to describe the dynamic or moving-cool transducer, with a circular cool of wire in a magnetic field and supported so that It could move axially. 1 The Invention of loudspeaker completely revolutionized the music industry as it exists today. Without its invention. People had to visit casinos, restaurants, bars and etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Electromagnetism in Loudspeakers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To enjoy the sound of music. Nowadays, music Is transportable.The music Industry Is In a well-publicized state of upheaval. The emergence of digital distribution and consumption technologies such as the pod, tunes and Spottily) have radically disturbed established systems of production and consumption. Benefits of those changes have dropped unevenly and most cultural commentary has focused on problems caused to the global record Industry. Moreover, one of the peculiar features of the music Industry Is the continuity between localized Para-industrial acts and mainstream commercial practices.The importance of geographic and genre-based scenes means that small music economies have a greater significance for the structural organization of the music Industry than In other cultural Industries: In the music industry.. . He small Is as significant as the big (Firth, 2000). 2 Electromagnets are magnets which run on electricity. Different then permanent magnets, the strength of electromagnets may be changed easily by manipulating the amount of electric currents flowing through it.Furthermore, the poles of electromagnets may even be Inverses by Inversion the flow of electricity. Electromagnets work due to an electric current which produces a magnetic field. 3 Any powered devices used, from doorbells to table clocks, carry out a certain form of electromagnetism in their functioning. It is electromagnetism which as given the flexibility for switching of/on electricity as required. 4 Speakers are one of a few devices which contain both. A permanent magnet as well as an electromagnet.The electromagnet is in the form of a coil of wire also known as a voice coil. When an electric current passes through the voice coil, the voice coil is becoming an electromagnet whose polarity is changing with the current which passes through It. Moreover now, the magnetic field of the voice cool Is Interacting with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet. This is creating a force that moves the coil. The movement of the coil moves the speaker cone attached to it. This process transmits amplified sound that is being received as an electric signal by the speakers. (See Figure 1) An audio signal source such as a microphone produces an electronic image of the 1 OFF content and frequency, as well as a size that is reflecting the relative intensity of the sound while it is changing. Furthermore, the Jobs of an amplifier are to take that electrical image and enlarge it; large enough in power to run the coils of a loudspeaker. Moreover, having a high fidelity amplifier means that you enlarge it Introit changing any of its properties. (See Figure 2, 3) Any changes would be recognized as misuse of the sound since the human ear is remarkably sensitive to such changes. Once the amplifier has made the electrical mage large enough, it applies it to the voice coils of the loudspeaker, causing them liberate with a pattern which follows the variety of the original signal. Now, the voice coil is attached to and runs the cone of the loudspeaker, which in trend drives the air. This action on the air is producing sound which more or less reproduces the sound pressure variations of the original signal. See Figure 2, 3) Figure Electromagnetism in Speaker 2 Loudspeakers are electrostatic that produces sound in response to an electrical signal input their main purpose is to transmit rather recorded or live sound to the human ear. Todays manufacturers offer speakers to fit a variety of needs and budgets. In todays society loudspeakers are represented in all sorts of ways (I. E. In movie theatres, cars, radios, phones, television, and computers). Nevertheless, loudspeakers are mostly represented in nightclubs and parties, by distributing sound loudspeakers create a feeling of coziness and a desire to celebrate.However, with their ability to increase volume and spreading the sound through large rooms, it is a err common method politicians use to spread their word in a debate. As any electric device nowadays, loudspeaker come with advantages (Such as being very reliable, good sound reproduction, long lasting and pretty durable if operated within their intended power levels) and disadvantages (Such as having limited in frequency response and requires multiple speakers to produce full sound spectrum of 20 20,000 Haze, feedback must be compensated for at the amplifier and easily destroyed if over powered).Advantages of loudspeakers include that increasing the volume to an extent, where it is being categorized as loud music. Loud music can be used by people suffering from physical pain as a pain management strategy. As well, loud music is sometimes used by schizophrenics to drown out the noise of hallucinations. . Furthermore, if loudspeakers are treated right they can last up to 50 [ear or more. Although so many benefits it has, some disadvantages also can be found out of it.Today, one in five teens has some form of hearing loss a rate about 30% higher than it was in the asses and asses which many experts believe is due, part, to the increased use of headphones. 8 exposure to loud music from your personal audio player, gigs, pubs, clubs and stereos can build up and cause hearing loss that is permanent; the hair cells in your ear die and cannot be repaired or replaced. Music occupies a special position in capitalist society because the creation of popular musical commodities is irretrievably a site of struggle (Bloomfield 1991, 80).Tail regards music as prophetic, its styles and economic organization are the entire range of possibilities in a given code (1987, 11). 9 Since the invention of loudspeaker, music has become portable. New technology for the reproduction of music has overflowed the market (such as tunes, Spottily, and etc. ). Combined with internet downloads, the industry politico-legal representatives estimate music piracy now costs the industry in excess of $JUS billion (see especially International Federation of Phonographic Industry (IF) 2003, and Recording Industry Association of America (ARIA) 2002).The illegitimate challenges are self-explanatory and form the bulk of current debates concerning the future of the industry; however they do not adequately explain a fall in global music product revenue. 10 Many years, moment has had serious impacts on the music industry, and other way around. Music has been the impulse for major rebellions and uproars against government in several countries. For some, governments have gone so far as to outlaw or ban certain types of music, genres, and artists.

Nutrients In Food Essays - Nutrition, Eggs, Yolk, Egg As Food

Nutrients In Food This experiment has to do with foods and their nutrients. We are finding out how much nutrients these 6 specific foods have and don't have: cheese, hotdogs, egg yolk, egg white and potato. We are testing them for starch, sugar, fat and protein. For my hypothesis I will start with starch. I think that cheese would not have that much starch in it for the reason of this cheese is a dairy it is made out of milk. Hotdog's don't have starch because it is a meat and meat does not have starch in it. My next food is egg yolk. Egg yolk is also a dairy so just like cheese it is made out of milk also so egg yolk does not have starch either. Egg white is a dairy too so it too has no starch. The only food that has starch in it is potato. The reason for this is because it is a acid and it grows in the ground. Next is sugar. I would have to say that I think sugar would be in cheese, hotdogs, egg yolk and egg white. But I don't think it would be in potato again because they are grown in the ground. My next hypothesis is on fats. I think hotdogs and cheese have fats in them but I think egg white and egg yolk and potato's don't have fats. Next is protein's. Proteins are very common in foods so I think all of the foods we will test has proteins. MATERIAL'S Safety goggles Hotdogs Cheese Egg yolk Egg white Potato Benedict's solution hot plate large beaker 5 test tubes test tube holder test tube rack crucible Lugol's iodine paper bag Biuret reagent EXPERIMENT: We started with testing starch. We took a test tube and put one piece of hotdog in it. I put in drop of Lugol's iodine in it and waited for it to change colors. The drop will turn black if starch is present. The drop showed that the hotdog has no starch in it. Next we took a piece of cheese. We put one drop of iodine in it and it showed that cheese also does not have starch in it. After that we took a piece of egg yolk and put it in a test tube and put one drop of iodine as we did with the other foods. That showed us that egg yolk does not have starch in it either. Next we tested for egg white. We again put one drop of iodine the test tube. That showed us that egg white does not have starch in it either so every food we have tested so far has not had starch in it. We had one more food to test and that was potato. We put in drop of iodine in it and it showed that the potato has starch in it. Next we tested for fats. We took a brown paper towel and placed a piece of hotdog and rubbed them together. Then we held the paper towel up to the light. It showed that hotdogs do have fat in them. Next we took a piece of egg yolk and rubbed it to the paper towel. The paper towel showed that egg yolk does have fats in it. After that we tested cheese . We rubbed it on the paper towel and it showed that cheese does not have fat in it. After we tested for cheese we took a piece of egg white and again rubbed it to the paper towel and that showed that egg white does have fats in it. The last thing we tested is potato. We rubbed it to a paper towel and that showed that potato does have fat in it. After we tested for fats we tested for sugar. We took a test tube and put in a piece of hotdog in it. Next we put 10 drops of Benedict's solution in it. After that we put it in boiling water for 2 minutes. After 2 minutes the solution showed that hotdogs do have sugar in it. After we tested hotdogs we took a piece of cheese and put 10 drops Benedict's solution in it and boiled it for 2 minutes. The solution showed that cheese has sugar in it. Next we tested egg white and again put the same solution in it and boiled it for 2 minutes and that showed that egg white does not have sugar

Ska Music essays

Ska Music essays Music is one medium through which a generation can express itself. For a generation of suppressed, restless, working-class youths living in early 1960's Jamaica, this voice was a genre of music known as ska. Since its original appearance, ska has resurfaced twice. Ska music has been presented to three generations of fans in three separate "waves." Its humble beginnings lead to one of the most influential styles of music present in the world. By 1962, Jamaica was no longer under British rule. Jamaican culture and music began to reflect the new found optimism in its independence. Since the early 1940's, Jamaica had adopted and adapted many forms of American musical styles. The predominantly black inhabitants of Jamaica took a liking to rhythm and blues music , and with imported American records, "enterprising businessmen attempted to string up small sound systems consisting of radio, turntable, and independent speaker boxes". These portable sound systems provided entertainment at dance halls. Owners of different sound systems competed against each other at the halls. The sound systems were run by two individuals, the deejay and the selector, dressed in "spangled waistcoats, black leather Dracula capes, imitation ermine robes, Lone Ranger masks, and rhinestone-studded crowns" . The deejay job was to introduce each record and to enhance the rhythm of the music! by chanting along with the record. Selectors chose records and used the controls to increase or decrease bass, treble, or volume. Musicians picked up on the elements of the rhythm and blues and combined it with traditional Jamaican mento music. The result was the first wave of ska. Musically, ska is "a shuffle-rhythm close to mento but even closer to the backbeat of the r&b, with the accent on the second and fourth beats, often moving in a 12-bar blues-frame. The afterbeat, strummed by a rhythm guitar or played on the piano . . . came to be charac...

Integrated Marketing Communications Plan for Volkswagen Research Paper

Integrated Marketing Communications Plan for Volkswagen - Research Paper Example The Volkswagen Group is one of the largest car manufacturing companies in the world. With its latest launch â€Å"Polo†, Volkswagen has come out with an innovative ad to attract large number of consumers. The IMC tools used by Volkswagen in the case of Polo have been advertising through both print and electronic media, internet marketing, online banners, direct marketing, etc. Volkswagen’s prime IMC strategies related to the Polo car can be discussed as follows:Advertising is the form of communication which s non-personal and provides information about the services, products and the organization. Volkswagen’s television commercial of the Polo car was to make a new beginning in the small car segment. The company through the ad campaign has tried to differentiate itself from other car makers as its television was made to attract young males while other small car makers are largely targeting females. The advertisement has been used extensively by Volkswagen to creat e awareness about the new Polo car and its unique features which makes it a choice for young males rather than showing females taking their cars for shopping. The ad campaign for the Polo car was on the line of â€Å"Dedicated Followers of No One†. The ad campaign has been used by Volkswagen to target people especially males who like to have their own style rather than keep changing with the trends. Interactive marketing or internet marketing as become the most sought after advertising prospect for the companies. With more and more people using internet the companies are getting more inclined towards internet marketing through which they can target a healthy number of people. Volkswagen has used this medium to extend its reach globally in context to the Polo car. The company has very well used internet marketing by putting ads through online banners on popular social networking sites and other websites. Further a special micro site was created to attract the target market esp ecially the young males. The page of the website was designed as a driving game to give the people excitement of driving a Polo car. Celebrity interviews were also posted on the micro site as a tactic to attract consumers. The interactive marketing was used to further create eagerness amongst the young car lovers. Social Media Volkswagen also used social media strategy in the form of a game based on Marco/Polo. The company promoted the Polo car on a popular social ne

How wearable technology affect developer of web content Essay

How wearable technology affect developer of web content - Essay Example The paper tells that the latest change in technology is causing everyone in the technology industry to notice and use wearables. In technology, the term wearable refers to a range of technological devices. According to Ruiz and Goransson, â€Å"it fits everything from iPod controls embedded in the sleeve of your ski jacket to intelligent shoes that tell you which direction to turn when you reach an intersection†. Rather than just holding technological devices, people today are comfortable wearing them on. Google glass is a perfect example of wearable technology. It is a technological gadget mounted on the head in a similar way as eye glasses, which acts more like a computer with voice activated and capabilities to perform google searches, take videos and photos, look for directions, and a range of other functionalities. The emergence of wearable technology has come with a number of impacts. Among them is a huge impact on web content developers and the world of web design in ge neral. This is especially due to the fact that when it comes to web surfing, modern web visitors are highly dependent on wearable mobile devices. As innovations continue to be made, new technologies emerge from time to time. The emerging and new technologies bring a range of opportunities for them and for the different fields they are applied in. Web application development is an area in computer technology that has been impacted by emerging technologies and where opportunities have grown.

Strong Peso Hurts Food Exports Essay Example for Free

Strong Peso Hurts Food Exports Essay Philippines economy nowadays portraits a good start for, as we are lifting our country from the previous economic situation. Not including the whole world economy, we are experiencing a smaller amount of problems in our economy than the recent. The rate of exchange between our Pesos against the Dollar is going stronger from now and as some bank company said that it could reach as high as â‚ ±37.50 in the next year. This is worthy for our country that it could raise the percentage to lessen the financial crisis and issues of our economy here in the Philippines. However, this could also mean that some other Filipinos, who are contributing a lot in our economic growth, will be at an edge of helping themselves to this â€Å"firmer peso†. Strong peso plus the high sugar price, makes local food producers and exporters come to haste to restore the D-Sugar allocation of 2 percent. This will be considered as hedge for the on-going raise of the peso coupled with high sugar price, which cost around â‚ ±40 to â‚ ±44 per kilo without duties and taxes. The D-Sugar allocation is the use of food producers and exporters for local consumption and export of their products. However, the D-Sugar allocation of 2 percent is too small to make a depression on the profits of sugar producers, but its closure will cause a huge percentage on the production costs of food exporters. One of the factors that affect the Philippine economic growth is price control. Price control defines as governmental imposition on the prices changed for goods and services in a market. It is usually intended to maintain the affordability of staple foods and goods and to prevent price gouging during shortage, or alternately, to insure an income for providers of certain goods. These are two primary forms of price control, a â€Å"price ceiling†, the maximum price that can be changed and a â€Å"price floor†, the minimum price that can be changed. The Philippines is one of main product that commonly buys in markets, groceries stores, etc. The government wants to change its minimum price, which rejected by the administrator of Sugar Regulatory Authority. ~Reaction The Philippine Food Processors and Exporters Organization Inc. is a great factor in the Philippine economic society. About its appeal of restoring of D-Sugar, which is not yet responded by the Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA), will be the hedge for the food exporters to the firmer peso that their expectations of the peso-dollar exchange rates will reach â‚ ±37.50 against the dollar. Exporters, in general, in this case could lose around $100 million from this year as they are dependent of the dollar as the international trading currency. The landed cost of imported sugar is now about â‚ ±40 to â‚ ±44 per kilo before duties and value-added tax. Local sugar, on the other hand, sells these sugars for about â‚ ±54 to â‚ ±70 per kilo. As the dollar continues to appreciate, food exporters carry the burden of absorbing the increasing ratio of loss to margins, and that leaves domestic manufacturers at the losing end. It is very unfair for the food exporters, sugar exporters, without any hedge to cancel the D-Sugar restoration and is now coupling with the strong peso exchange rate with the dollar. Sugar producers will be at risk to have another pricing system to regain the loss form their margins and profits. Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA) issued Sugar Order 4, series of 2009-2010, converting C-Sugar, or the country’s reserve sugar to B-Sugar for the use of the domestic market. They now abolish the D-Sugar to provide an improvement in the C-Sugar in the domestic supply. It is an aid for the domestic sugar producers as they lucky that they are being supported by the government. However, eliminating D-Sugar plus the increasing value of Peso, is a disease for the food exporters as they may lose not only their margins and profits, but their competition on other countries. Philippine economic growth rate may decrease in such a gap as the sugar which is the main exports for the food exporters which has a greater percentage in contributing to our economic growth. There will be a massive unemployment in some food companies as this problem may tend to be fatal in the next years without any hedge or solution to the abolishment of the D-Sugar. Lots of domestic food producers may shutdown for this reason and a serious displacement as cheaper imports flood the local market. As the currency of peso goes stronger against the dollar, it affects a lot of factors in the Philippine economy. There are lot of appeals concerning sugar because of its continuous increase of price. Local market hurts from the appreciation of peso and comes with a solution of an appeal to aid their problems. But is SRA insisted, they explain why they can’t just take a control over the price of sugar. Moreover, there should be a manipulation in sugar or unstable value of supply and price over the sugar. There is a big increase of percentage in the stocks of sugar so there is no current manipulation. Resoucrce: http://literasura.blogspot.com/2011/07/reaction-paper.html

Erosion of Gender Equality in America :: Feminism Feminist

Erosion of Gender Equality in America American people come in a variety of shapes and sizes; their thoughts, fears, and convictions differ widely. It is usually necessary for Americans to choose a status in politics and community; but it is obvious that among specific groups and organizations, a person’s beliefs and opinions differ dramatically from the next. Feminist groups, specifically in the last twenty years, have announced their view of membership as an elite group of woman who must have the same specific convictions. Moreover, they denounce anyone who does not, as irrational and supporting the continuance of subordination of women. Feminist propaganda is off track when it comes to the real experiences of American women and men. It is true, that in the past, a woman’s voice was often disregarded; she was denied certain rights, for some women fought. Elizabeth Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth Blackwell were famous for their courage and persistence in bringing change. It is safe to say that most Americans now agree men and women have vast talents and capabilities. A century ago women were concerned with issues, such as the right to own property and vote. Somewhere between then and now, feminist groups turned their agenda to issues that offended many Americans. They crossed the line of personal and moral decisions and made ridiculous accusations toward men. The first feminists were necessary. Modern feminists have lost touch with American women and â€Å"unconsciously undermined genuine equality†. It is no wonder why men and women try to distance themselves from feminism. Long before Europeans came to the â€Å"new land† with their Judeo-Christian ideology, patriarchy was the exception not the norm. Women, their bodies, and ability to give birth and nurse children were adorned. Women did eighty percent of the hunting until the reintroduction of the horse. â€Å"Women were shoved out of the hunting scenario. The horse allowed men to become radius,† and t he man’s â€Å"expendable sex† was no obstacle when traveling long distances. The â€Å"economic survival† was now the man’s domain. The value of the women fell when â€Å"mother earth† lost her place. In addition, the European settlers forced their Christian ideals on the Native Americans and other subordinate groups later. During the next several years, the colonial family stayed the same; historically, there was no women’s movement until 1848, the year of the Seneca Falls Convention. Organized by Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott, the â€Å"Declaration of Principles† was produced.

Disguise in Twelfth Night Essay

Twelfth Night is one of William Shakespeare’s so-called transvestite comedies that features a female disguising herself as a young man. This concept might be difficult to grasp by today’s audience but during Shakespeare’s time it was not unusual for female roles to be played by young boys. Every character in the play is involved in a situation where they think one person is someone else. These situations lead to turmoil and humor in the play. The many instances of mistaken identity and uncertainty of gender in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night contribute to the theme of confusion in the play. The first character in the play to introduce the theme of confusion is Viola. She is distraught after being separated from her twin brother, Sebastian, in a shipwreck. In hoping that he could still be alive, she is determined to support herself in an unfamiliar land by getting a job as a messenger in town. She says to the captain that rescued her, â€Å"conceal me what I am, and be my aid †¦ present me as [a male soprano] to him† (Shakespeare I.ii.49-52). Presenting her as a male soprano explains the high pitch of her voice. She decides to disguise herself as a young man named Cesario so she can work for Orsino, the duke of Illyra. Viola’s job is to be a messenger and after three days she becomes a favorite of Duke Orsino. He says to Cesario, â€Å"it shall become thee well to act my woes / She will attend it better in thy youth† (Shakespeare I.iv.26-27). The duke decides to send Cesario on the most important errand as messenger of his love letters to Olivia believing she will accept the letters from a youthful boy. This will eventually lead to trouble as a love triangle between Olivia, Orsino, and Viola†¦

Consider Laertes’s contribution to the theme of revenge Essay

Of the various parallels between Hamlet and Laertes is one of the most telling. From the beginning of the play we see the two in comparable situations, each young men of the court, each seeking university, each spied on by Polonius, each (it would appear) loving Ophelia, in different ways. Therefore, when Laertes finds himself in Hamlet’s position of having a father murdered, the audience watches with interest to see how he will react, and how this will compare with Hamlet’s behaviour in the same situation. In fact, although Hamlet points out that: ‘by the image of my cause I can see The portraiture of his’ Laertes reaction to murder of his father is very different from hamlet’s, and indeed he is everything which Hamlet rebukes himself for failing to b. He forms the very epitome of a traditional avenger, and almost everything he does forms a contrast with what Hamlet does not do. Immediately as he returns to the court ‘in a riotous head’, having recruited ‘a rabble’, to aid him in his revenge. Thus we see that he finds both opportunity and means to destroy his father’s supposed murderer as soon as he possibly can. It is sometimes argued that Hamlet has little opportunity, doing the first two acts of the play, at least, to confront Claudius and exact his revenge. However, it is clear that – particularly since he is ‘loved by the distracted multitude’ – Hamlet might have actively created such an opportunity for himself, just as Laertes does. Furthermore Laertes is determined that he will ‘dare damnation’ in order to revenge his father. This is very important when soliloquy beginning, ‘To be or not to be’, in which he confesses that ‘the dread of something after death’ is, in part, what makes him ‘lose the name of action’, for again we see hamlet’s attitude to his task differs radically from that of a traditional avenger. This is also apparent when Laertes says that he would ‘cut (Hamlet’s) throat I’ th’ church ! ‘, since we are immediately reminded that Hamlet refused to kill Claudius, when given the perfect opportunity, because he was in prayer. Hamlet’s refusal to kill Claudius at this time (because his prayers make him ‘fit and seasoned’ to go to heaven – which is hardly a fitting revenge for a man who has sent his brother to be judged with ‘his crimes broad blown’) may – if we decide that they are more than just another rationalization (an entirely debatable point in itself) – prove that Hamlet reflects more carefully than Laertes on the business of revenge and that he is more caught up in the need for a perfect and fitting revenge. Nevertheless Laertes’ clear opinion that ‘Revenge should have no bounds’, and his immediate and unhesitating action, in comparison with Hamlet’s continual prevarication, persuade us that he is the more effective avenger. Laertes falls into the same category as Fortinbras, who with his ‘unimproved mettle hot and full’ seeks revenge on Denmark for winning and taking control of what had been his father’s lands, and Pyrrhus, who brutally kills an old and defenceless man in the name of revenge. All these characters’ unhesitating and decisive action, and what seems to be their lack of fear at the consequences, throw Hamlet’s indecisiveness very much into relief, for whilst he can only ‘unpack (his) heart with words’, they can ‘sweep†¦ to revenge’ as he longs to. However, it is Claudius, not Laertes, who actually states that ‘Revenge should have no bounds’, which is not only ironic, since it is Hamlet’s hesitation alone which has saved him so far, but – I feel – also has sinister undertones, since one would hardly have put such words into the mouth of the clearest villain of the play without implying that this sentiment is also, somehow, villainous. Of course, as Claudius is here manipulating Laertes’ strong desire for revenge, it would be unwise to attach too much importance to this point, but it is nevertheless interesting to examine our attitude to Laertes’ attitude towards revenge as opposed to Hamlet’s. After all, the impetuous approach of the former allows him to believe: ; The people muddied, Thick and unwholesome in their thoughts and whispers. ‘ Thus he promptly accuses the wrong man (Claudius, rather than Hamlet) of killing his father. Compare this with Hamlet – well aware that all is not necessarily what it seems in Denmark – who creates an elaborate plan to ‘catch the conscience of the king’ before he proceeds. It might also appear to the audience that Laertes’ defiance of damnation is more to do with a lack of reflection on ‘the undiscovered country’ than courage in facing it. After all, as hamlet points out: ‘the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought’ Laertes is all ‘resolution’, untroubled by the words and thoughts, which impede hamlet’s action. (We never see Laertes in soliloquy, of course, because he is morally certain of what he must do, and does not explore the subject further. ) However, we possibly feel some sympathy with the view that: ‘blest are those Whose blood and judgement are so well co meddled That they are not a pipe for Fortune’s finger. ‘ Ironically, these words, spoken by Hamlet in praise of Horatio, actually describe the former in some respects, and particularly when we see him in comparison with Laertes. After all, whilst his endless reflection might appear to serve, at times, only to exacerbate and rationalize his delay, at least he can only rarely be accused of being rash. Laertes believes that, ‘That drop of blood that’s calm proclaims me bastard. ‘ However, this rage, this refusal to reason calmly and to reflect on what has happened, allows the slippery Claudius to manipulate Laertes for his own ends, leading to the treachery which destroys Claudius and Laertes themselves, and Gertrude, as well Hamlet. Ultimately, there is a certain nobility t be found in the exchange of forgiveness between hamlet and Laertes (the final link the latter’s assurance that: ‘Mine and my father’s death come not upon thee, Nor thine on me! ‘ Which is greater than Laertes’ revengeful triumph over Hamlet. This is not to say that Shakespeare’s presentation of Laertes serves entirely as an indictment of the process of revenge. Both hamlet and Laertes speak of the ‘honour’ of revenge, and finally does kill Claudius, that he is ‘justly served. ‘ However, I can feel that considering Laertes’ contribution to the theme of revenge is only useful when seen alongside hamlet’s reaction to the same theme, and perhaps this portrayal of a traditional avenger who is only useful when seen alongside hamlet’s reaction to the same theme, and perhaps this portrayal of a traditional avenger who is rash, manipulative and finally self-destructive, allows us to see hamlet in a more favourable light when he is unable to assume the same role as traditional avenger.

Intact is One Word

Intact is One Word Intact is One Word Intact is One Word By Maeve Maddox Ive seen too many examples of intact written as two words to go on assuming that they are typographical errors. Photo caption: A couch that was left in tact after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. Question on medical forum: Is chest muscle left in tact after MastX? Question on aviation site: Why are there only 2 Stukas left in tact today? The adjective intact is written as one word. It means whole, entire, not affected by anything that injures. Ex. An animal that has not been spayed or neutered is said to be intact. The literal meaning of intact is untouched. The in prefix means not. The tact comes from a verb meaning to touch. The noun tact has the same origin. An obsolete use is sense of touch. Now the words main use is figurative: tact ready and delicate sense of what is fitting and proper in dealing with others, so as to avoid giving offence, or win good will; skill or judgement in dealing with men or negotiating difficult or delicate situations; the faculty of saying or doing the right thing at the right time. (OED) As for intact, lets keep it, well, intact. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†One Fell Swoop10 Tips About How to Write a Caption

Definition and Examples of Ethos in Classical Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Ethos in Classical Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, ethos is a persuasive appeal (one of the three artistic proofs) based on the character or projected character of the speaker or writer. Also called  ethical appeal or ethical argument. According to Aristotle, the chief components of a compelling ethos are goodwill, practical wisdom, and virtue. As an adjective: ethical or ethotic. Two broad types of ethos are commonly recognized: invented ethos and situated ethos.  Crowley and Hawhee observe that rhetors can invent a character suitable to an occasion- this is  invented ethos. However, if  rhetors  are fortunate enough to enjoy a good reputation in the community, they can use it as an ethical proof- this is  situated ethos (Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. Pearson, 2004). Pronunciation EE-thos Etymology From the Greek, custom, habit, character Related Terms IdentificationImplied AuthorLogos and PathosPersonaPhilophronesisPhronesis Examples and Observations A Universal Appeal Everyone makes an appeal to ethos if only an ethos of choosing never to stoop to such matters as ethos. No speech with intent is non-rhetorical.  Rhetoric is  not everything, but it is everywhere in  the speech of human  arguers. (Donald N. McCloskey, How to Do a Rhetorical Analysis, and Why. New Directions in Economic Methodology, ed. by Roger Backhouse. Routledge, 1994) Projected Characters Im not a doctor, but I play one on TV. (1960s TV commercial for Excedrin)I made my mistakes, but in all of my years of public life, I have never profited, never profited from public service- I earned every cent. And in all of my years of public life, I have never obstructed justice. And I think, too, that I could say that in my years of public life, that I welcome this kind of examination  because people have got to know whether or not their president is a crook. Well, I am not a crook. I have earned everything I have got. (President Richard Nixon, news conference in Orlando, Florida, November 17, 1973)It was a highly inconvenient thing for them in our debates that I was just a country boy from Arkansas and I came from a place where people still thought two and two was four. (Bill Clinton, speech at the Democratic National Convention, 2012)If, in my low moments, in word, deed or attitude, through some error of temper, taste, or tone, I have caused anyone discomfort, created pain, o r revived someones fears, that was not my truest self. If there were occasions when my grape turned into a raisin and my joy bell lost its resonance, please forgive me. Charge it to my head and not to my heart. My head- so limited in its finitude; my heart, which is boundless in its love for the human family. I am not a perfect servant. I am a public servant doing my best against the odds. (Jesse Jackson, Democratic National Convention Keynote Address, 1984) Contrasting Views The status of ethos in the hierarchy of rhetorical principles has fluctuated as rhetoricians in different eras have tended to define  rhetoric in terms of either idealistic aims or pragmatic skills. [For Plato] the reality of the speakers virtue is presented as a prerequisite to effective speaking. In contrast, Aristotles Rhetoric presents rhetoric as a strategic art which facilitates decisions in civil matters and accepts the appearance of goodness as sufficient to inspire conviction in hearers...The contrasting views of Cicero and Quintilian about the aims of rhetoric and the function of ethos are reminiscent of Platos and Aristotles differences of opinion about whether or not moral virtue in the speaker is intrinsic and prerequisite or selected and strategically presented. (Nan Johnson, Ethos and the Aims of Rhetoric. Essays on Classical Rhetoric and Modern Discourse, ed. by Robert J. Connors, Lisa Ede, and Andrea Lunsford. Southern Illinois University Press, 1984) Aristotle on Ethos If Aristotles study of pathos is a psychology of emotion, then his treatment of ethos amounts to a sociology of character. It is not simply a how-to guide to establishing ones credibility with an audience, but rather it is a careful study of what Athenians consider to be the qualities of a trustworthy individual. (James Herrick, The History and Theory of Rhetoric. Allyn and Bacon, 2001)Fundamental to the Aristotelian concept of ethos is the ethical principle of voluntary choice: the speakers intelligence, character, and qualities comprehended by goodwill are evidenced through invention, style, delivery, and likewise incorporated in the arrangement of the speech. Ethos is primarily developed by Aristotle as a function of rhetorical invention; secondarily, through style and delivery. (William Sattler, Conceptions of Ethos in Ancient Rhetoric. Speech Monographs, 14, 1947) Ethical Appeals in Advertising and Branding Some types of oratory may rely more heavily on one type of proof than another. Today, for example, we note that a great deal of advertising uses ethos extensively through celebrity endorsements, but it might not use  pathos. It is  clear from Aristotles discussion in Rhetoric, however, that, overall, the three proofs work in conjunction to persuade (see Grimaldi, 1972). Moreover, it is equally clear that ethical character is the lynchpin that holds everything together. As Aristotle stated, moral character . . . constitutes the most effective means of proof (1356a). An audience is just not likely to respond positively to a speaker of bad character: His or her statement of premises will be met with skepticism; he or she will find it difficult to rouse the emotions appropriate to the situation; and the quality of the speech itself will be viewed negatively. (James Dale Williams, An Introduction to Classical Rhetoric. Wiley, 2009)On its face, personal branding as reputation managemen t shares some basic traits with the ancient Greek concept of ethos, which is commonly understood as the art of convincing ones audience that one is prudent or exercises good judgment (phronesis),  is of good moral character (arà ªte), and is acting with good will toward ones audience (eunoia). Historically, scholars of rhetoric have seen the basis of persuasion as a speakers capacity to understand and tailor ones message according to the complexities of social situations and human character. Ethos, broadly speaking, is understood as the rhetorical construction of a speakers character. (Christine Harold, Brand You!: The Business of Personal Branding and Community in Anxious Times. The Routledge Companion to Advertising and Promotional Culture, ed. by Matthew P. McAllister and Emily West. Routledge, 2013) Ethical Proof in Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal The specific details by which Swift builds up the ethical proof fall into four categories descriptive of the projector: his humanity, his self-confidence, his competence in the immediate subject of the proposal, and his reasonableness...I have said that the projector is a bit cocksure. He is also manifestly humble and modest. The proposal is a modest one. It is introduced in generally modest terms: I SHALL NOW therefore humbly propose my own thoughts ...; I do humbly offer to public consideration. . . . Swift has blended these two qualities of his projector in such a way that both are convincing and that neither quality overshadows the other. The result is a pleader whose humility is justifiably tempered by the sure knowledge that he has something to offer Ireland, to her everlasting benefit. These are the explicit indicants of the moral character of the pleader; they are reinforced and dramatized by the whole tone of the essay. (Charles A. Beaumont, Swifts Classical Rhetoric. Univer sity of Georgia Press, 1961)

Flow Chart Week 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Flow Chart Week 1 - Essay Example An incorrect process may lead to waste of considerable amount of time for any organization and hence less profit. This paper will select a process â€Å"Get out of bed and get ready for work† that I do every day except for holiday but would like to spend less time doing and will design a flowchart using an appropriate tool. Further, this paper will list the factors that affect the process design and identify one metric that I will use to measure the process. The flowchart design for the process will help to identify the amount of time consumed for various factors that can be minimized, at the same time making the overall process more efficient. The process selected is â€Å"Get out of bed and get ready for work† that I do every day except for holidays. This entire process consists of many steps (or processes) such as get out of bed, got to bathroom, dress up and take breakfast. A flowchart is a good way to start analyzing a process showing the basic elements of a process (typically tasks, flows, and storage areas). In a flowchart, tasks are shown as rectangles, flows as arrows, and the storage of goods or other items as inverted triangles (Chase et al., 2006). Figure 1 shows the flowchart of the selected process created by EDraw. The one metric that will be used to measure the process is time. Every step of the process takes some amount of time. Entire time for the process can be broken down by each activity to know which activity takes how much time. This will help us to remove some activity in case of hurry. Table 1 shows the time taken for completion of the process for the first

Compare Tintoretto's two Last Suppers discussing their formal Essay

Compare Tintoretto's two Last Suppers discussing their formal qualities, materials, and function together with meaning - Essay Example o, Sala Grande contain elements with a mannerist language common in the artist’s works and present in his mentors and predecessors as if they were signature patterns. Both works have changed significantly over the years. First, the Church of San Trovaso introduced an orthodox front on an elevated dais and the interior depicted its superb white nudity. This depiction enabled churchgoers during the mid1500s to stop and value the balance of each perfect painting, including Tintoretto’s â€Å"Last Supper.† Being an altarpiece, Tintoretto’s version of the Last Supper in the Church of San Trovaso in fact depicts an ongoing dining in comparison to other renaissance versions of the same event3. The San Trovaso version exhibits Tintoretto’s radical spirit that deviates from classicism, which is evident in the painting’s three-dimensional setting. The radical nature of three-dimensional settings is clear from the fact that it did not become prevalent amongst Italian artists during the 1500s until the emergence of Leonardo da Vinci. In the San Trovaso version â€Å"Last Supper,† Tintoretto’s places the table diagonally and enjoys the subjects’ viewpoints so that moving the painting’s axis is evident4. However, this shifting effect heavily relies on the left or right position taken by the viewer. Tintoretto’s â€Å"Last Supper† in Scuola San Rocco shows the continuation of dynamism from the San Trovaso version. This is because of the enthusiasm of the disciples who appear to gesture each other. Along with a flight of angels who almost abruptly plummet into the event, Christ’s disciples show their excitement of the event. In this version, Christ is not in the middle, which means viewers mostly have to look for him5. The scene is very dynamic and filled with contrast caused by a lighting output. The lighting output in this â€Å"Last Supper† is evident in the specific beams of light and shadow that raise the sense of spectacle in an environment similar to a

The Marketing Function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Marketing Function - Essay Example Its marketing campaign and service excellence is acknowledged all over the world in the brand of "Singapore Girl". 2. (a) According to Philip Kotler (1980), "effective marketing is based on the right balance of marketing elements, and processes depending on the nature of the product, service or idea being marketed." (Cartwright, 2002) This marketing mix consists of the seven Ps. These are: product, price, promotion, place, people, process, and physical evidence. The marketing mix of SIA has been handled very well as we shall see now. 2. (b) The mission statement for SIA is " We are a global company dedicated to providing air transportation services of the highest quality and to earning good returns for shareholders." (Johnston and Wirtz, 2006) The core values of SIA are: Pursuit of Excellence, Safety, Customer first, Concern for staff, Integrity, Teamwork. The marketing department is responsible for providing the highest quality of service, and find ways to improve revenues of the company. 3. (a) The first step of marketing is to understand the external environment and relate it to the internal environment of the organisation. This involves identifying the core sector in which the organisation falls, e.g. in the case of SIA, it is the aviation sector, but it is involved in operations in other sectors as well such as tourism sector, and transport sector. 3(b) Marketing department next analyses the internal and external environment in which the organisation operates. There are three methods of analysis: BACK (Baggage, Aspirations, Culture, and Knowledge) analysis; PESTLE/SPECTACLES analysis; and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis. These analyses are unique to each organisation and an important part of the role that a marketing department plays in an organisation. 3(d) BACK analysis involves analysing the internal environment of the organisation. Analysis of external environment is constituted in SPECTACLES analysis. This acronym stands for Social, Political, Economic, Customers, Technological, Aesthetic, Cultural, Legal, Environmental and Sectoral factors. (Cartwright) 3(f) A SWOT analysis for the organisation brings into focus the Strengths, and Weaknesses of the organisation, and identifies the threats to the organisation and the opportunities open to it. An example of SWOT analysis for SIA is shown below. Strengths 1. Service Innovation 2. Uniform and Branding 3. KrisFlyer programme 4. Cabins 5. Destinations 6. Large fleet Weaknesses 1. High expectations from customers 2. Dealing with 40 governments Opportunities 1. Expansion into new markets 2. Opening of more economies 3. Increase in global tourism 4. Web availability 5. Corporate sales Threats 1. Other Airlines imitating services 2. Other Airlines alliances 3. Overcapacity in Asia Pacific market 4. Understanding the Market 4(a) The next step for the marketing department is to identify the markets it caters to. This involves market segmentation. "The more segments of a market an organisation can service, the less dependent it becomes on the success or

Pantaloon Retail Limited, Marketing Analysis

Pantaloon Retail Limited, Marketing Analysis Future Group focuses most in the retail segment and most of its businesses are built around the same. Future Groups retail network operates 1,000 stores for more than 200 million Indians in 73 cities and 65 rural locations across the country in 16 million square feet of retail space. Some of the most popular retail chains of India like Pantaloons (chain of fashion destinations), Big Bazaar (hypermarket chain), Food Bazaar (supermarket chain) and Central (chain of seamless destination malls) Brand Factory, Planet Sports, ALL, Top 10 and Star and Sitara are managed by Future group. Indias most popular online shopping portal www.futurebazaar.com is also owned by the Future Group. Home building and home improvement products and services are also led through the groups formats, like the Home Town (large-format home solutions store), Collection i (formats specialized for home furniture and home furnishing) and Furniture Bazaar and consumer electronics through eZone and Electronics Bazaar. Aadhaar, Indias leading rural retailing chain has a presence in more than 65 rural locations. It acts as a complete solution provider for the Indian farmer. Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited is one of the leading retailers in India. Mr. Kishore Biyani, is the founder and is famously known as Indias King of Retail. Pantaloon has revolutionized the retail fraternity. With its headquarter in Mumbai, Pantaloons operates multiple retail formats in value and lifestyle segment. Pantaloons plans to increase its retail space to 30 million sq. ft. by 2011. PRIL is sub-divided into: Pantaloons Big bazaar Food Bazaar Fashion Station All Blue sky E-zone Collection 1 Home town Central Mall 2001 Indias first hypermarket chain Big bazaar is launched 2002 Food bazaar, a supermarket chain is launched 2006 Future groups financial arm, Future capital holdings launches two real estate funds Pantaloons High fashion family department, geared toward Indian middle and upper classes. In 2005, pantaloons rolled out a new merchandise and brand communication campaign to position itself as fashion trendsetter appeal to Indias youth. Central Mall It is positioned as a place for shopping, eat and enjoying. Big Bazaar Big Bazaar hypermarket concept was started in 2007 by PRIL. It was designed to integrate elements of an Indian bazaar with recent retailing features like parking of vehicles, AC shopping environment and privilege of replacing merchandise. Food Bazaar The first outlet of Food Bazaar opened in June 2002, within a Big Bazaar store, six month later the chain had grown to 42 outlets: 18 stand alone. Future Groups main businesses are : E-commerce Futurebazaar.com, Pantaloons website has changed the e-commerce business in India. A wide range of products are made available at affordable prices. PC World has named the website as the Best Indian Website for 2007 in the Shopping category. Food In the food section, a lot of options are available like Food Bazaar Chain of large super markets Brew Bar Its a beer bar Cafà © Bollywood -Its a eateries chain which is PAN India Chamosa Snack counter Sports Bar A Bistro which is dedicated to the sports world Fashion Varieties of options are available in this section like Top 10, Central, Blue Sky, Etam, Fashion Station, Gini, Jony, Navaras and ALL. Home Electronics Furniture store called Collection i Electronic goods and appliances store called Electronics Bazaar Electronics Items store called e-zone Home furniture store called Furniture Bazaar One destination for all home needs called Home Town Leisure Entertainment A family entertainment center called Bowling Co. A store offering gaming options from bowling, pool, video games to bumper cars called F 123 Wellness Beauty Health Village Its a yoga center as well a spa Star Sitara: A beauty salon for men and women Tulsi Allopathic, homeopathic and ayurvedic medicinal products are provided Turmeric Beauty products like colour cosmetics, fragrances, herbal and specialty skin items, hair products and bath accessories are offered. Books Music Depot It offers stationary, CDs and books Major Achievements of Pantaloon Retail 2007 International Retailer of the Year 2007 Emerging market Retailer of the Year 2007 According to Hewitt Best Employers Survey Best Employers in India (Rank 14th) 2006 Best Managed Company in India (Mid-cap) for the year 2006 Image Retail Awards for Best Value Retail Store, Best Retail Destination, and Best Food Grocery Store. Retail Black Hole Model The Black hole model is also known as The Retail EST Model. It was developed by J.C Williams Group. According to this model a retailer can win if he is the best in one of the several retail offerings i.e to say that the company is clearly positioned in one or more preferred locations to win and hence they are the strategic differentiators. The losers gravitate to central position, are not best at anything and are sucked into the black hole of retailing We have a store opening virtually every fortnight; I have lost count now of how many I have opened Kishore Biyani Big Bazaar A paradigm shift to the Modern Retail Big Bazaar is a unit of Pantaloon Retail (India) Ltd and caters to the Great Indian Middle Class. It is like an Indian bazaar or mandi or mela, the environment created by traders to give shoppers a sense of moment. The personality of big bazaar is one of an entity being authentically no-frills. The personality of the brand is self expressed by its tagline Is se sasta aur accha kahin nahi It sells a variety of merchandise at affordable rates, the prices of which it claims are lowest in the city. Usually the items are clubbed together for offers as on the lines of Wal-Mart and Carrefour, offer weekend discounts and works on the same economy model as Wal-Mart and has considerable success in many Indian cities and small towns. Food Bazaar format was added as Shop-In-Shop within Big Bazaar in the year 2002. Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar blend the look, feel and touch of Indian Bazaar with modern retail concepts of choice, convenience and quality. PRODUCT MIX ELECTRONICS BAZAAR Television sets Washing Machines Refrigerator Personal Care mBazaar Microwaves Small Appliances Laptops Computer Accessories Kitchen Appliances FASHION JEWELLERY Footwear Bazaar Beauty Care Navara Star Parivar Meena Bindre FURNITURE BAZAAR Living Room Bed Room Kitchen Dinning Rooms Kids Room Been Bags Paintings Decorative Items CHILD CARE TOYS Kids Wear Toy Bazaar Stationary Child Care OTHER SERVICES Mr. right Bakery Loot Mart Tulsi Future Money Future Generally TARGET AUDIENCE Higher and upper middle class customers are the target segment of Big bazaar. Another preferred customer segment is the young and growing population of the country. Big bazaar primarily targets the women folk and home makers who they feel are the primary decision makers. CORE COMPETENCIES Product range consisting of more than 20,000 products. Has a strong supply chain spanning one thousand five hundred cities and towns in India. Big bazaar has tie ups with world leaders in logistical services. Big bazaar has created a helpline for solving the queries of customers. Offers manufacturers guarantee as opposed to sellers guarantee. Good quality at reasonable cost. STRATEGIES: Minimize retailing cost. Minimize operating expenses by employing fewer floor staff -single person for every 500 sq ft. Keep furniture cost to minimum. Cut down expenses related to sourcing by almost 25-30%. Increasing the overall efficiency of logistics by creating mother-hubs all across India for the purpose of sourcing products from regional/local vendors. Slashing channel cost by up to 25%. Economizing Shelf Space Dealing with unsold stock in an effective manner. Ensuring enough pull to snatch away customers from the neighbourhood. Introducing the concept of todays price wherein a products is chosen on a daily basis and sold at lower than usual price. Big Bazaars New Marketing Strategy: A new marketing strategy, based on guerrilla marketing has been launched by big bazaar. The guerrilla force is divided into small groups to selectively attack the target at its weak points. As a part of this strategy Future group has come up with three catchy and cocky advertisement campaigns. Keep West-a-Side. Make a smart choice! Shoppers! Stop. Make a smart choice! Change Your Lifestyle. Make a smart choice! untitleduntitled STRATEGIC ANALYSIS SWOT analysis of Big Bazaar SWOT-BB PEST ANALYSIS Political and Legal Factors: A stable government at the centre creates an encouraging investment climate Problems of getting subsidy from Octrai and on different taxes like land, water taxes A less complicated taxation structure(GST) on the horizon. Problems regarding taking over properties and real estate. Easing restrictions on FDI by the government leading to easier import of foreign consumer goods, thereby bringing variety to the Indian market place. Economical: India is one of the fastest growing economies, next only to China (7-7.5% GDP growth rate). Retail Industry to grow leaps and bounds by 2015 due to the consumption driven economy of the country. Increase in the percentage contribution of the service sector to GDP. Increased emphasis on infrastructural growth in the current 5 year plan will help reduce some of the bottlenecks in the retail segment. Socio-Cultural Factors: Increase in Nuclear families Increase in working womens proposition Life style changes Shift in Product and service preferences Increase in Young population giving the country a demographic advantage Technological: Technological development for fast billing and the service Better applications of information technology in the modern retail industry, like in supply chain management, store management, point of sale and customer relationship management Porters Five Forces Model Por 7 P Analysis of Big Bazaar Product There is a wide range of products on offer at Big-bazaar, ranging from apparels, food, farm products, furniture, child care, toys, etc. Products of all the major brands are available at Big Bazaar. A lot of in house brands (private labels) are also promoted by Big Bazaar. Price The tag-line of Big Bazaar is Is se sasta aur accha aur kahin nahi. The model on which Big bazaar works is one of economies of scale. Maximum Market Share (market penetration pricing) is the major objective of pricing at Big bazaar. Place Big-bazaar has a pan India presence with more than seventy-five outlets spread across fifty cities. Big Bazaar has presence in almost all the major Indian cities. Kishore Biyani is very aggressive when it comes to expansion plans of Big bazaar. As per Biyani, the cost of real estate should preferably be less than 5% of total sales of store if one wants to provide maximum benefit to customers. Securing spaces before other retailers join in has been a strategic decision of Big bazaar which has resulted in cost-saving. Promotion Many novel cross sell and upsell strategies have been developed by Big bazaar in Indian retail market. Big Bazaar uses various promotional techniques such as saal ke sabse saste teen din, Future card, Shakti card, using M.S.Dhoni as brand ambassador, Exchange offers such as junk swap offer, POP promotions. Print media, TV, Radio (FM) and road-side bill-boards are some of the many means used by Big bazaar for advertizing and effective communication. People People are considered to be one of the key assets in any organization and their importance is even more profound in the service sector. Big bazaars staff possesses some salient features such as: The staff is well trained for modern retail. Innovative thinking among the employees is encouraged at Big bazaar. Multiple payment counters, availability of stores staff for keeping baggage and presence of security guard at every gate. Process Some of the salient features of dispatch and purchasing area of goods include : Trolleys are available for carrying purchased items sufficient nos of counters for easy check-out are present. Information hoardings/banners for efficient identification of items at store Physical Evidence It deals with the final deliverable or the exhibit of written facts. The staff has standardized dress code to improve the overall appearance of the store (atmospherics). FINANCIAL ANALYSIS of PRIL PRIL Profit and Loss Statement Interpretation Total revenues have constantly been on the rise. This is partly due to the increasing sales resulting from aggressive expansion plans (opening up of outlets) of PRIL. PAT has also been on steady rise though it has flattened a bit in recent years probably due to higher operating costs, inability to transfer the increased cost to the customer etc. EPS has also been on a steady rise apart from a single occasion in 2007 when it went down. The reason could be a rights issue or other similar action leading to equity dilution. The return on capital employed has been decreasing YoY. This could because of concern for the company. The debt equity ratio has not been too volatile and has always been below 2 which is an indication of sound financial status of the company. Aggressive Marketing: Promotions 02 The promotional activity of the company, which says Nobody Sells Cheaper and Better! has differentiated Big-Bazaar (as a brand) in the minds of the customer. The punch-line has made its place in minds of customer. As the competition is becoming stiff in the market the activities conducted by the company are unique, that have brought fruitful result to the company. Among them sales Promotions is one of the leading activity or unique among all other activities has high influence on the customer walk-in. As sales promotions is the major force for Big-Bazaar, Big Bazaar take it very seriously especially during festivals special occasions by focussing aggressively on psychological emotional promotion strategies as per the demographic profile of the various consumers. About 60-70% of shopping for apparel, consumer durables, and home furnishing, among other things, happen during festivals. At least 40-50% takes place during the peak festival season, between September and November. According to Ashni Biyani, 23, a team is set up six months ago comprising experts on Indian mythology and religion, retail and even an expert on days, seriously targeted one-third of the 150 auspicious days in the Hindu calendar. They map all the communities in India on how they shop and how these calendars work. They focus to understand intuitively, their customs, their rituals, adding that this is the part of a larger strategy to engage customers and to attract that India which lives in the deep-rooted communities. Sabse Saste 3 Din: The best watershed for brand Big Bazaar was the introduction of the Sabse Sasta Din in January 2005, when the Indian Republic Day holiday was utilized to make sure that hordes of consumers descended on all Big Bazaars across the country to buy all kinds of household items cheap. There were scenes of customers actually vigorously fighting over items in-store long queues were seen in the store. Big Bazaar like previous years, attracted large crowds during its three day sales event called Sabse Saste 3 Din organised to celebrate the Republic Day. Depending on the results, the event is sometimes extended to 5-6 days as it happened in 2008. The promotional event being organised by Big Bazaar every year has assumed great significance over the years. A large number of customers look forward to this event as hefty discounts on a range of products are offered to the customers in partnership with the retail chains vendors on this occasion. This is, perhaps, the biggest sales event being organised by any retailer in the country. Big Bazaar, which sold merchandise worth Rs 140 crores in 2007, garnered revenues of over Rs. 280 crores during the year 2008 the growth still continues unexpectedly. As mentioned by Kishore Biyani, the whole focus is low margins pushing volumes aggressively during these times which make the Big-Bazaar stick to its core Brand-Personality. Wednesday and Weekend Bazaar: One of the most popular events Wednesday Bazaar presents terrific offers and irresistible discounts on majority of the products. The Concept was to aim at giving the homemakers the power to save the most on this day of the week. Even on weekends when the footfall is the highest, eye-catching offers and discounts are promoted. The weekend promotions differentiated from the Wednesday bazaar in terms of the offers cross-selling and not on reducing the price of a particular product. This way they were able to differentiate both the concepts focus on avoiding confusion while promoting it to the consumers and also attract different type of consumers during these durations. Special event promotions: Maha Bachat Sale: Big Bazaars incorporates such as on Independence day by having Maha Bachat Sale which did a business of 1.5 crores in its Bangalore store alone. Maha Bachat focuses on further reducing the price as compared to the Wednesday Bazaar. Also on auspicious occasions such as Akshaya Tritiya which again did a business of 150Cr on a single day in Mumbai Ahmedabad last year. An event offering discounts, benefits and privileges to senior citizens were created and promoted on the Senior Citizens Day. Monthly Bachat Bazaar: Big Bazaar understands clearly the habits of Indian consumers. In Monthly Bachat Bazaar the prices are reduced at the start of every month in order to target those consumers who bulk purchase the products and especially the commodities every month. Price Challenge Campaign: Reinforcing Big Bazaars USP of value proposition, Is se sasta aur accha kahin nahi scheme was launched. The challenges promise to offer twice the price difference, if the cost of any of the item found in the store is found to be higher than the market price. This doesnt mean that the consumer actually go to other shops in order to compare the prices, but due to this challenge of Big-Bazaar, the consumers had more faith trust on the Big-Bazaar and hence were confident seeing the confidence level of Big-Bazaar which again built a strong brand differentiation of Big-Bazaar for low pricing. Exchange Offers: This promotion primarily focused on letting people disposing off their junk and to gain something out of it in return i.e. Bring anything old take anything new. They could exchange their products and shop from a huge spectrum of discounted products. This gave the motivation factor to consumers to give their old belongings for something worth hence their old is not getting waste or is unvalued. Since the Indian consumers are very much value conscious, this strategy worked out very well. Big-Bazaar also made it sure that the campaign is actually not fooling the consumers around and is actually giving the desired value focusing on the fact that faith thrashed is never recovered in India. In- Store Communications: To ensure that no one misses out on an opportunity to gain from special offers, service boys ferry around a trolley with the product inside, announcing the scheme. Not only is this entertaining it also helps customers pick up the product from the trolley instead of walking up to the rack where it is on display. Language Customization: To make sure that non-English speaking customers dont feel alienated, the communication is also conducted in the local language. The communication is always unambiguous and direct. The Power of One Campaign: This initiative encourages customers to add One Rupee to their bill towards donation to a social cause. Big Bazaar makes an equal contribution and donates the entire proceeds to an NGO called Save the Children India. This is a selfless body which has been working for the welfare of children from marginalized sections of society. Corporate campaign: Big Bazaar has recently launched a corporate campaign which revolves around a family having a great time together. The brand anthem Khushiyon se Bhari Jholi connects with the customers at an emotional level positioning Big Bazaar as part of the happy moments. Future Cards: Specifically for Big Bazaar outlets these credit-cum-loyalty card which offer customers a slew of discounts and benefits across Future Group stores are co-branded with ICICI Bank. Customers receive four loyalty points for every Rs 100 spent at Future groups retail stores and one loyalty point for every Rs 200 spent outside the groups retail stores. This creates a vicious cycle for the customers to repeat their purchases and is especially done by the consumers during special occasions. School Jao Khushi Khushi Providing Discounts School related requirements accessories like school bags, water bottles, lunchboxes, shoes etc. Promotions include: Pencil Case for purchase of above Rs 500. Free shopping trip worth Rs 1000/- for Sending ones experience of the Best day that you had in school the most humorous the best one is selected as a winner and to avail the offer. Lucky draw for the lucky kids shop for Rs 1,000 above, drop in your kids name into the drop box 10 lucky kids were provided with the offer 30% off on an NIIT course Motivational offer for Kids: Shop for Rs 500 or above, Parents are told to drop in the kids painting, the best painting is sponsored for an art course. Doston ke saath khushiyon manao Individual are invited with friends more the merrier shopping with 1 friend entitles the individual with 10% discount, coming with two friends get 20% discount etc on the total bill. Friendship band to every walk-in A friend indeed -people were told to drop their best friends name in the drop-box and in lucky draw the winner could win the major prize A Car!! Special treatment emotional connect for the individual his/her friend -free massage, tattoos, horoscope etc were provided for purchases above Rs 500/- above during the friendship day. Diwali Dhamaka: This campaign especially remains open for longer duration Huge discounts are seen over the board If purchase is above Rs 300/- two pairs of diya were provided to the customers Tie up with known mithaiwala: if one purchases above 1000/- people can avail discounts of 45% or above on the mithai purchased from that mithaiwala. Motivating the home made mithai recepies: Purchasing goods worth Rs 500 above, females were pulled to send the recipe of their secret mithai the best judged recipe gets a complete set of Sanjeev Kapoors cook-books Diwali Manao Abroad winning through lucky draw on purchases worth Rs 1,000 or above. Christmas Joy: Across the board discounts. Big Bazaars special surprise Christmas gift on purchase of over Rs 1000/- or above. Christmas-Card Design Contest: Design next years Christmas card for children and a gift voucher worth Rs. 500 were given to the best card winner. Big Bazaar Christmas party focussing on points vouchers through festival focussed games. Happy-Hours: All the discounts/offers were hiked up in a fixed hr of a day eg: Buy X and get Rs 10 off on that day will become Rs 15 off. Mystery-Shopper: Everyday, one person is tagged as the mystery shopper i.e. a) 100th person walking through the door wearing all red b) 1st person walking through the door wearing all red These person gets the discount of 50% on the total bill. Apke kismat mein hai khushi: Lucky is happy Based on scratch card Get all that you pick in 60 seconds till reaching the billing counter Assured gift for the bulk takers: Choose a gift from the listed items if the bill is above 1000/- This is used especially to push the non-moving goods which is usually put in the listed free gift items. Banto khushiyan har ek ke sang: Social causes Khilone se khushi bate Toy drop box was set in the big-bazaar store and the concept was promoted to ask for the toys from the families then the toys were sent to the social organisations working for underprivileged childrens. This has helped the underprivileged, generate goodwill, and have also attracted the floor traffic to store at the large scale. Supporting a charity Support through charity: Donation to the charity on the individuals name for purchasing above a specified amount. Customers were given an ornament with his or her name on it to hang signifying the donation by the individual. Advertisements: Advertising for Big-Bazaar is an essential component of brand building. The advertisement focusing on brand building of Big-Bazaar is done through various ways, Some of the techniques applied are: Tag Line: One of the key components of Big Bazaar is its Tag Lines. Designed according to the demographic profile of customers in order to get connected easily with simple one-liners. The catch liners includes Chane ke bhaw kaaju, Stall ke bhaw balcony etc. 0306 Holistic Advertisement: Promotes the brand and creates awareness among people. It is not targeted at promoting each store but only creates an image of Big-Bazaar as low-cost shopping option. The store has advertised through TV, road-shows and also started reality show typed promotional campaign The Big Bazaar Challenge Promotions like Sabse Sasta Din is very successful strategy to get footfall. Print-Ads: Just before the launch of any new schemes Big-Bazaar spends heavily on advertisements in print media especially newspapers. This is done in order to create a buzz about the big-bazaar brand its upcoming schemes. TV-Ads: various channels are utilized properly, also as per the demographics cultural channels the schemes, promotions especially the common brand tag-line is aired in order to create top of the mind awareness Road side Advertisements: As a brand building exercise, big-bazaar displays bill-boards in prime locations as per the target people. Focus is more on the phrases which is targeted to the needs of the customers as per the market conditions at that particular point of time. Radio-Ads: The major focus through radio ads is in Tier-12 cities. And the prime emphasis is given on radio ads for promotions in order to inform customers for all the new happenings schemes at Big-Bazaar. Fashion-Shows: The latest innovation of the Indian iconic brand is FASHION @ BIG BAZAAR Desh Badla, Bhesh Badlo. In order to make an effort to take the Fashion to the masses, a three-day fashion show was organized by Big-Bazaar on the streets of Bandra, Mumbai. 1413 Brand Endorsement by Celebrity: For marketing and advertising its brand name, value endorsement co-branding is used by Big Bazaar. Earlier Himesh Reshammiya Sanath Jaisuriya was associated with Big-Bazaar. Also, recently the current campaigns are being associated promoted with the Indian cricket ODI captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni. Communication through Media: Heavy spending is carried out for proper position of Big Bazaar through the different mediums. Paper advertisements are released just before the launch of any new scheme, billboards are displayed on prime locations, frequent TVCs are aired in prime time in various Indian channels for the mass, advertisements on FM channels about the current happenings are aired etc. Below the Line Promotion: Coupon, discount, more of the product at normal price, gift with purchase, competition, and prizes, money back offer, exchange offer, special occasion. Big Bazaar, in association with Star India Pvt Ltd, has launched a collection of designer ethnic wear under the brand Star Parivaar. Above the Line Promotion: Advertisements in Newspaper, TV, Internet (own website which give online shopping service), Partnership with Bigfilx, Big FM 92.7. Aggressive Pricing Strategy The tag-line is Is se Sasta aur accha aur kahin nahi make Big-Bazaar to differentiate itself from competitors in terms of only pricing the value at that price. Hence it makes it very important for the Big-Bazaar to always focus on the its pricing strategies to keep the prices always low compared to the competitors whatever the market, economy or the external conditions is. They work on the model of economics of scale. There pricing objective is to get Maximum Market Share. The various pricing techniques used at Big Bazaar are: EDLP Every Day Low Pricing: Big-Bazaar as a brand is differentiated through low pricing strategies. Hence it promises delivers the lowest available price without stressing on coupon clipping, discount promotions waiting time, or comparison shopping. Promotional-Pricing: Low interest rate financing is being offered by Big-Bazaar. Psychological discounting (Rs. 99, Rs. 49, etc.) strategy is used as a promotional tool. Special Event pricing (Close to Diwali, Gudi Padva, and

Gaining Control of the Gene Responsible for Apoptosis Essay -- Apoptos

Gaining Control of the Gene Responsible for Apoptosis When we gain control of the gene responsible for the phenomenon of apoptosis, we will be in control of aging. We are finding more evidence every day, indicating genetic links to all sorts of factors in the human being. We are just now beginning to scratch the surface of our own genetics. A landmark discover has just been unveiled: In February [2001], the two groups charting the human genome published their results—the entire 3 billion base pair sequence. The only definitive conclusion so far: Humans are far more complicated than we thought. †¦Eric Lander, director of the Whitehead Center for Genome Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts †¦ adds: â€Å"within a decade, we will understand a lot about the causes of diseases. Understanding, however does not translate into cures.† (Sinha 43) With this research we will uncover more factors that our genetic code regulates, many factors that were previously believed to be random events. Spontaneous cell death, as it turns out is not spontaneous at all, but genetically predetermined at conception. Cell death is an essential part of life. The cells in our bodies are constantly dividing, producing hundreds of thousands of new cells every second. To maintain balance, for every new cell, another cell must die. Our cells are programmed to kill themselves through a process called apoptosis. This in-built program of cell suicide prevents cancer by eliminating cells with damaged genes (Cotran 18). Similarly, our bodies replace cells with a new type of cell when a change is needed, such as during embryonic development (Cotran 18). To illustrate this point, we look at one of Dr. Adamchak’s â€Å"stories of physiology,† as taught from Martini... ... Schneider, Edward, L. New York: Plenum Press, 1978 Cech, T. â€Å"Life at the End of the Chromosome: Telomeres and Telomerase.† 20 Sept. 2000, National Institute on Aging, NIH Massur Auditorium, 18 March, 2001. . Cotran, Tucker, and Vinay. Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunder, 1999 Heydari, Ahmad, R. Understanding the Secrets of Aging and Cancer Through Nutritional Intervention. 3 January, 2001, Heydari Laboratory, Wayne U., 19 March, 2001, . Leeuwenburgh, C., Pollack, M. Mitochondrial control of Apoptosis in Aging and Exercise. 21, January, 1999 Aging Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Health and Human Performance, U. of Florida, 19 March, 2001, . Martini, Frederic, H. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. 4th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1998 Sinha, G. â€Å"Our Genes Exposed.† Popular Science. May 2001: 43

Digging by Seamus Heaney

Digging -by seamus Heaney The poet, Seamus Heaney uses simple words in his poem which is beautifully portrayed as well as easy to understand. The poem is basically about the poets respect and admiration of his father's and grandfather's hard work. The poem begins in the present tense form. The poet, Heaney, is in his room, writing while his father is digging. It can be assumed that the poet is near a window so that when he looks outside he can see his father digging. It is important to note that Heaney â€Å"looks down† at his father's â€Å"straining rump†.Literally his position at the window is elevated but we also get the sense that Heaney somehow feels superior to manual work and that he does not like this feeling. The next stanza takes us back to previous years before his father's retirement from farming: â€Å"Bends low, comes up twenty years away†. We move effortlessly and beautifully from the present day flowerbed to the previous years potato drills. The poet then begins to describe his father's skills. The paradoxical â€Å"coarse boot nestled† shows the physicality and hardwork of digging alongside the love his father has for it.Heaney uses a two line stanza beginning with the exclamatory â€Å"By God† to take us further back to his grandfather's digging skills. The exclamation and the conversational tone add a feeling of being with Heaney as he reminisces. Neatly Heaney has taken us back to his forefathers to show that working with the land has always been a tradition in the family. He has broken this chain by choosing to become a writer. The next stanza is a memory of visiting his grandfather as he cuts peat from the bog.The â€Å"bottle corked sloppily with paper† reflects Heaney's clumsiness in practical matters but also a different use of paper to the one he is really skilled at. This is a family proud of their achievements which are measured by a spade and the ability to handle one: â€Å"My grandfather could cut more turf in a day than any other man on Toner's bog†. The penultimate stanza reveals the difficulties created by Heaney's wish to write. The â€Å"curt cuts through living roots† are not only the sharp edge of the spade cutting through living turf.They are the sharp words spoken as Heaney cuts his ties with his family's traditional means of earning a living. And so we return to the beginning lines of the poem with the significant change from â€Å"as snug as a gun† to â€Å"I'll dig with it†. Heaney recognizes that his skill with a pen is comparable to that of his forefathers with a spade. He also realizes that he can continue the love for skilled work with the land through his writing. Just as his grandfather was â€Å"digging down and down for the good turf† so will Heaney dig down and down for the good stuff that makes his poetry so exquisite.

Vomiting

Your body has a few main ways to respond to an ever-changing, wide variety of invaders and irritants. Sneezing ejects the intruders from the nose, coughing from the lungs and throat, diarrhea from the intestines, and vomiting from the stomach. Vomiting is a forceful action accomplished by a fierce, downward contraction of the diaphragm muscle. At the same time, the abdominal muscles tighten against a relaxed stomach with an open gastroesophageal sphincter. The contents of the stomach are propelled up and out. As part of a bodily reflex, you may produce more saliva just before vomiting. Vomiting is a complex, coordinated reflex orchestrated by the vomiting center of the brain. It responds to signals coming from: †¢The mouth, stomach, and intestines †¢The bloodstream, which may contain medicines or infections †¢The balancing systems in the ear (motion sickness) †¢The brain itself, including unsettling sights, smells, or thoughts An amazing variety of stimuli can trigger vomiting, from migraines to kidney stones. Sometimes, just seeing someone else vomit will start you vomiting, in your body's effort to protect you from possible exposure to the same danger. Vomiting is common. Almost all children will vomit several times during their childhood. In most cases, it is due to a viral gastrointestinal infection. Spitting up, the gentle sloshing of stomach contents up and out of the mouth, sometimes with a burp, is an entirely different process. Some spitting up is normal for babies, and usually gets gradually better over time. If spitting up worsens or is more frequent, it might be reflux disease. Discuss this with your child's doctor. Most of the time, nausea and vomiting do not require urgent medical attention. However, if the symptoms continue for days, they are severe, or you cannot keep down any food or fluids, you may have a more serious condition. Dehydration is the main concern with most vomiting. How fast you become dehydrated depends on your size, frequency of vomiting, and whether you also have diarrhea.

How to Speak English

How to Speak English Most English learning boils down to the question of how to speak English. There are other goals as well, but learning how to speak English will help you communicate with others, and lead to better test scores on the TOEFL, TOEIC, IELTS, Cambridge and other exams. In order to know how to speak English, you need to have a plan. This guide on how to speak English provides an outline that you can follow to learn to speak English. If you already speak English, this guide will help you more quickly improve your English speaking skills. Difficulty Average Time Required From Six Months to Three Years Heres How Discover Which Type Of English Learner You Are When learning how to speak English you first need to find out what type of English learner you are. Ask yourself questions such as Why do I want to speak English? Do I need to speak English for my job? Do I want to speak English for travel and hobbies, or do I have something more serious in mind? Here is an excellent worksheet What Type of English Learner? to help you find out. Understand Your Goals Once you know what type of English learner you are, you can begin to better understand your goals. Once you know your goals, youll better understand what you need to do to speak English well. This is similar to understanding what type learner you are. Write down a list of the things you would like to do with your English. Would you like to speak English fluently in two years? Would you like to have enough English to travel and order food in a restaurant? Understanding exactly what you want to do with English will help you learn how to speak English because you will work towards your goals. Find Out Your Level Before you begin to learn how to speak English, youll need to know where to begin. Taking a level test can help you understand what level you are at and then you can start using resources appropriate for your level in order to learn how to speak English well. Of course, youll not only learn how to speak English, but also how to read, write and use English in a variety of settings. These quizzes will help you find your level. Start with the beginning level test and then move on. Stop when you get less than 60% and begin at that level. Beginning TestIntermediate TestAdvanced Test Decide On Learning Strategy Now that you understand your English learning goals, style and level its time to decide on an English learning strategy. The simple answer to the question of how to speak English is that you need to speak it as often as possible. Of course, its more difficult than that. Start off by deciding which type of learning strategy you will take. Do you want to study alone? Do you want to take a class? How much time do you have to dedicate to English study? How much are you willing to pay to learn to speak English? Answer these questions and you will understand your strategy. Put Together A Plan For Learning Grammar If you want to know how to speak English, youll also have to know how to use English grammar. Here are my five top tips on how to speak English with good grammar. Learn grammar from context. Do exercises that have you identify tenses and from within a short reading or listening selection. When learning how to speak English you need to use your muscles. Read your grammar exercises aloud which will help you learn to use correct grammar when speaking. Dont do too much grammar! Understanding grammar doesnt mean you speak. Balance grammar with other English learning tasks. Do ten minutes of grammar each day. Its better to only do a little every day than a lot once a week. Use self-study resources at this site. There are lots of grammar resources you can use here on the site to help you improve. Put Together A Plan For Learning Speaking Skills If you want to know how to speak English, youll have to have a plan for speaking English every day. Here are my top five tips to make sure you speak - not just study - English every day. Do all exercises using your voice. Grammar exercises, reading exercises, everything should be read aloud. Speak to yourself. Dont worry about someone hearing you. Speak out loud in English to yourself often. Choose a topic each day and speak for one minute about that topic. Use online exercises and speak in English using Skype or other programs. Heres some practice English speaking sheets to get you started. Make lots of mistakes! Dont worry about mistakes, make many and make them often. Put Together A Plan For Learning Vocabulary To make sure you know how to speak English about a wide range of topics youll need plenty of vocabulary. Here are some suggestions and resources to get you started. Make vocabulary trees. Vocabulary trees and other fun exercises can help you group vocabulary together for faster learning. Keep track of new vocabulary youve learned in a folder. Use visual dictionaries to help you learn more vocabulary faster. Choose to learn vocabulary about subjects you like. Theres no need to study vocabulary that doesnt interest you. Study a little bit of vocabulary every day. Try to learn just two or three new words / expressions every day. Put Together A Plan For Learning Reading / Writing If you want to learn how to speak English, you may not be too concerned with reading and writing. Still, its a good idea to learn how to read and write in English, as well as learn how to speak English. Remember to use your own native language reading skills. You dont need to understand every single word. Practice writing short texts on blogs or for comments at popular English learning web sites. People expect errors at these sites and youll feel very welcome. Read for pleasure in English. Choose a subject you like and read about it. Dont translate directly from your own language when writing. Keep it simple. Put Together A Plan For Learning Pronunciation Learning how to speak English also means learning how to pronounce English. Learn about the music of English and how it can help with English pronunciation skills. Find out about typical pronunciation mistakes people speaking your native tongue make. Consider using a pronunciation program to help you learn better pronunciation through practice. Get a dictionary that has good phonetic transcriptions to help you understand the sounds of English. Use your mouth! Speak out loud every day the more you practice the better your pronunciation will become. Create Opportunities To Speak English Using English as often as possible is the key to learning how to speak English well. Join English learning communities online to practice speaking English with others using video chatting software. Join local clubs that focus on speaking English, speak to tourists and give them a helping hand. If you have friends who are learning to speak English, set aside 30 minutes every day to speak English together. Be creative and create as many opportunities as possible to speak English. Tips Be patient with yourself. It takes a while to learn how to speak English well. Remember to give yourself time and treat yourself well.Do everything everyday, but only do ten to fifteen minutes of the more boring tasks. If you want to improve listening skills, just listen to the radio fifteen minutes rather than an hour. Do ten minutes of grammar exercises. Never do too much English. Its better to do just a little bit every day rather than a lot only twice a week.Make mistakes, make more mistakes and continue to make mistakes. The only way you will learn is by making mistakes, feel free to make them and make them often.Learn how to speak English about the things you like doing. If you enjoy speaking about the topic, it will be much easier for you to learn how to speak English well in a shorter amount of time. What You Need PatienceTimeWillingness to make mistakesFriends who can speak English with youBooks or internet resources in English